She states that two distinctions between these outcomes are the time difference between them (the successes were early and the failures were later) and the fact that the successes were on the state level and the failures were on the federal level (p.2)
She states that the reason why the legislations did not succeed through out the country is because of the fear the government had and that the manufacturers knew how to play with it (p.3)
Interpretation and political pressures had impacts on the child labour question (p.3)
Interpretation includes political people inside and outside the legal system (p.3)
The conflict in the debate had first worked in favour of the progressive forces that got the regulation. But afterwards, anti-regulation advocates manipulated the same concepts to get to their point (p.4)
The campaigns for child labour also explains the role of the interested organisations and the courts’ dealing with statutes regulating child labour. (p.4)
She tells that child labor has always been seen as a problem since industrialization age in the US, but it did not get under way until the progressive era. (p.4) Before that children were seen to be valuable to their parents where they were seen to be a good way to earn extra wages.
Important organization: The National Consumer’s League spoke about the “childrens’ terrible working conditions” and stongly suggested that consumers should not by product manufactured by children. (p.5)
National Child Labor Committee founded in 1904
Organization leader: Owen Levojoy
By 1911 the committee had 30 states that improved their regulations about child labour (p.5) and by 1914, 40 states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia had prohibited some or all form of child labour. (p.6)
Keating-Owen bill which is a limitation of child labour (p.6) the bill became a law in the fall of 1916 but the law was taken away in 1918.
P.7 includes a bunch of other attempts to regulate child labour who did not successfully work.
Twentieth amendment??? Sentinels of the Republic
Pauline Goldmark; pamphlet about the conditions in the canneries (p.13)
In brief, this text explains the steps to the regulations and legislations of child labour in the US
p.21 Congress attempts to regulate
p.27 The battle over the child labor amendment
The battle over regulation of child labor shows how legal discourse influences and is influenced by the relationship among reformers, attorneys, and the courts.
This text is relevant explaining who played major roles and how did a national regulation failed to take place in the US.
Novkov, Julie, “Historicizing the Figure of the Child in Legal Discourse: The Battle over the Regulation of Child Labor,” The American Journal of Legal History, Vol. 44, No.4, (2000), 369-404, 31 January 2007
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